A Summary of the Proofs of the Prophethood of Muhammad ﷺ (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)
Prepared by: Abo Karim El-Marakshy
Introduction Prophethood is a selection by Allah Almighty. Allah has supported His Prophet Muhammad ﷺ with clear evidence and proofs that remove doubt and establish his truthfulness, so that the argument is complete for all people. The proofs of the prophethood of Muhammad ﷺ are varied:
First: Qur’anic Proofs
The Noble Qur’an – It is the everlasting miracle, with its linguistic and legislative miracle, and Allah challenged the Arabs to produce its like (Surah Yunus: 38).
Knowledge of the Unseen – For example, the news of the Romans’ victory after their defeat (Surah Ar-Rum: 2–4).
Allah’s Guarantee to Preserve the Qur’an – (Surah Al-Hijr: 9).
Second: Verified Sensory Miracles
The Splitting of the Moon (Sahih al-Bukhari).
Water Flowing from the Prophet’s ﷺ Fingers during Hudaybiyyah (Sahih al-Bukhari).
Multiplication of Food and its Blessings – This miracle occurred for the Prophet ﷺ in various places and occasions, such as in the Battle of the Trench and the Tabuk expedition (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim).
The Crying of the Palm Trunk when the Prophet ﷺ left it to deliver the sermon from the pulpit (Sahih al-Bukhari).
Many other miracles also occurred for the prophet Muhammad ﷺ .
Third: Ethical and Behavioral Proofs
Truthfulness and Trustworthiness – The Prophet ﷺ was known as “Al-Sadiq Al-Amin” (the Truthful and Trustworthy) even before his mission.
Acknowledgment by Enemies of His Truthfulness – It was impossible for him to lie; someone known for truthfulness all his life cannot be expected to lie about God (Allah). The Byzantine emperor Heraclius, in a conversation with Abu Sufyan, testified to the Prophet ﷺ’s honesty with people, indicating his truthfulness with Allah in his mission (Sahih al-Bukhari).
Testimony of the People of the Book – For example, Abdullah ibn Salam, a Jewish scholar, upon closely observing the Prophet ﷺ, realized that his face bore no signs of a liar, but reflected truthfulness and trustworthiness (At-Tirmidhi).
Sincerity in Calling to Islam – The Prophet ﷺ rejected wealth and kingship when offered in exchange for abandoning his call. His detachment from worldly gains shows he was not seeking status or worldly desires.
Patience and Perseverance – The Prophet ﷺ endured siege, migration, and persecution without abandoning his mission.
Descriptions in the Torah and Gospel – (Surah Al-A’raf: 157).
Testimony of Some Christians and Jews Who Accepted Islam – Such as Waraqa ibn Nawfal, the Negus, and others.
The Eclipse of the Sun at the Death of His Son Ibrahim – People said the sun had eclipsed due to Ibrahim’s death, but the Prophet ﷺ corrected them:
"The sun and the moon are among the signs of Allah; they do not eclipse because of the death or life of anyone" (Sahih al-Bukhari).
This story clearly confirms the Prophet ﷺ’s honesty. He did not use this event for personal gain but taught the people the principles of monotheism.
Fourth: Proofs of Prophecy Regarding the Future
Glad Tidings of the Conquest of Persia, Rome, and Jerusalem – which indeed occurred.
Prediction of the Spread of Islam across the Earth – which continues to manifest day by day.
Prediction of the Emergence of Tribulations and Sects – confirmed in authentic hadiths.
Fifth: Rational Proofs
Consistency of the Message with Human Nature and Reason – Calling to the oneness of Allah, abandoning idolatry, encouraging noble ethics, and forbidding evil and immorality.
Comprehensiveness of the Sharia – Islam is a complete way of life that organizes a person’s relationship with Allah, with oneself, and with society.
Global Spread of Islam – Despite limited material means, Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the world, a rational proof that this religion is supported by Allah.
Conclusion Through these varied proofs and evidences, the decisive argument is established that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is truly the Messenger of Allah and came as a mercy to all the worlds.
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